Investigation study for some trace elements and biliary biomarkers in the cholelithiasis patients

Back ground: Gallstones usually formed by the hyper saturation or deposit some of the bile components, such as, bilirubin, cholesterol, bile salts, protein, fatty acids, calcium, and phospholipids (Al Atsariyah et al., 2022).  High biliary calcium with other trace elements (zinc & iron), can be associated with gallstones. Where, any deficiency in zinc is reflected in the formation of collagen, which is considered as a major contractile protein, that cause abnormal of gall bladder motor function and the delayed in emptying, which causes its stasis (Shields & Lightdale, 2018). Aim: Investigate the cholelithiasis' factors by evaluating various biochemical markers, with the effect of trace element deficiency (iron, calcium, zinc) on stones formation. Results: All biochemical markers, demonstrate highly significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control group as a total number, the same behavior was found between males and females' groups except, in (HDL, ALP, Ca & Zn). The (ROC) curve illustrate that: All biomarkers show high significant statistical behavior and high % of area under the curve, with a good characteristic of validity for all tests. Spearman's nonparametric statistical correlation shows:  Different positive and negative correlations coefficient for the biomarkers.

Conclusion: The elevation in lipid profile, biliary biomarkers and other trace elements deficiency (Fe, Ca & Zn) contributed to the stones' formation in cholelithiasis patients. Abbreviations used: TG: triglyceride, HDL: high density lipoprotein, LDL: low density lipoprotein, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, GGT: gamma-glutamyl Transferase, Fe: Iron, Ca: Calcium, Zn: Zinc, GD: gallstones disease and ROC, receiver operating characteristic.