The study of outbreak of cutaneous leishamniasis in basrah 2010 Across – sectional study

Background : World health organization (WHO) has ranked leish-maniasis as one of the six important infectious diseases of the world. Consequently a concentrated research on the different aspects of the disease has been recommended and emphasized. Objectives : to determine the characteristics aspect of the person affected and geographical and seasonal distribution of leishmania cases also to evaluate the preventive measures for leishmaniasis control have been taken by Public health department (CDC section) for the period 2000 to 2010. Methods: An epidemiological study of the current situation of leishmaniasis for the period 2000 to 2010 in Basrah governorate in form of record-banded cross- sectional during a period of three months from 1st of October to 1st of December 2010 , 460 cases of Cutaneuos Leishmaniasis reported in Basrah governorate in about 70.6% of all cases in last 10 years ago.
Results : 32% of cases of CL in age under 10 years while only 3.7%in age 50 years and above, there were a slight different in gender males more than females in about 1:1.6 ratio . The study show that the prevalence of Cutaneuos Leishmanaisis was high in Sat Al-Arab district (east of Basrah ) in about 75 /100000 and in Al Qurna district (north of Basrah ) in about 54/100000 as compeer with the lower prevalence in Al- Zubair district (west of Basrah ) in about 3/100000. The study also revealed that there were a risk factors corroborate the transmitted of disease,including area of living(urban or rural) , present of domestic animals (in about 82% of cases) , present of disease in the house of patient (in about83%),and if the area was spraying after a record of CL cases or not (only 10% spraying activates) which considered as the most important activities was implemented by public health department/ CDC section and these are Vector control by residual insecticide spraying and air space spraying ( FOGGING ) which cover all foci of leishmaniasis in addition to rodent control ,early case detection , diagnosis , treatment, training, health education and research.
Conclusions: It is important that more attention should be paid by health authorities to Coetaneous Leishmaniasis ,and because Coetaneous Leishmaniasis is
a nonfatal disease, prevention and control strategies have mainly focused on treatment of the human disease, rather than on the elimination of reservoirs or reduction of human–vector contact ,most approaches have been limited to pilot research studies and only a few have been brought up to operational scale.