Indication De La Prescription D’Antibiotiques En Odonto Stomatologie

Background: Antibiotics are natural or synthetic Chemical substances that block or de-struct bacterial growth. Since their discovery, they have revolutionized the prognosis of infectious pathologies and are thus found in the first lines of hospital prescriptions, 10% of which are related to dental infections. The resulting over-prescription and over-consumption lead to the emergence of résistance. Studies conducted in the Americas and Africa haveshove numerous shortcomings in drug prescription. In Cameroon high rates of non-compliance with prescrip­tions had been observed.

Objective: To evaluate the compliance of antibiotic prescription in Odontostomatology con­sultations in the city of Yaoundé.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study with prospective collection was conducted, which took place in the Odontostomatology departments of ail the districts of the city of Ya­oundé front February l^st to June 30^rd, 2020. Included in our study was any patient who had received a prescription for antibiotic therapy after a consultation with a dentist, presenting him- self with his medical file and having given his informed consent. The information was collected using a pre-established data collection form. The data were entered using Epi info 7 version 7.1.3.3 software and processed using SPSS version 23.0 software. The confornity of the anti­biotic therapy prescriptions has been verified thanks to the recommendations of the Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire et des Produits de Santé (ANSM) (Ex-AFSSAPS) of July 2011, ANTIBIOGUIDE 2019 du Grand-Est, Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS).

Results: We held 208 prescriptions for 208 patients. Arnong these patients, female-nine sex was most represented at 61.1% and rneanâge was 30 ± 20.2 years with range of 3 and 84 years. Oral ph’ysicians were the most represented prescribers with 170 prescriptions or 81.7%. The indications for antibiotic prescriptions were rnainly dominated by infectious diseases (63.1%), particularly periodontitis (19.3%) and dental abscess (18.7%).

Curative antibiotic therapy was the most represented therapeutic target with 165 prescrip­tions (95.4%). Antibiotics were prescribed under the trade liante at 57.7% and as a specialty at 50.4%. Bi-antibiotherapy was the most prescribed therapeutic modality with 121 prescriptions (69.9%). The beta-lactam family was the most represented (58.8%) followed by nitroimidazoles (32.7%). Amoxicillin was the most prescribed alone (31.9%) or in combination with clavulanic acid (31.5%) followed by metronidazole alone (25.4%). Antibiotic therapy was indicated for 53 prescriptions or 30.6%.

After verification of the mandatory reasons, 204 prescriptions were non-compliant (98.1%) on the form and 25 were non-compliant on the substance (86.5%).

Conclusion: antibiotic prescriptions in dentistry consultations are not written on the form in accordance with the recommendations of the learned societies. The rate of prescriptions that do not conform to the form and content appeared to be too high. The main measure to be taken is to make prescribers aware of the importance of compliance with prescriptions for the well- being of patients. Thus, there is a need for retraining of practitioners and continuing medical education on the subject of the indication and prescription of antibiotics.